Political Science

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ADOPTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO SOLVE ELECTORAL CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA
(2023) OWOLABI HABEEB BABAJIDE
The study examined the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) to solve electoral challenges in Nigeria. AI can assist in data management and result collation, enabling faster and more efficient processing, reducing human errors, and enhancing transparency. The adoption of artificial intelligence in Nigeria electoral systems is a growing global trend which has been of use among most developed countries for a free, fair and credible elections The objectives of the study were to address electoral irregularities, find out voters perceptions and acceptance towards the deployment of artificial intelligence and investigate the citizens on how artificial intelligence can curb electoral challenges. This study made use of quantitative method and a survey method was used to analyze the data derived from respondents through administered of questionnaires online. A total number of 385 eligible voters were administered questionnaires online, subjecting the population to the krejcie and Morgan table. The study found out that there is positive responses and acceptance from the respondents towards the deployment of artificial intelligence to curb electoral irregularities in Nigeria. Also, there’s a positive outlook among respondents that adopting artificial intelligence can bring about transparent, free, and fair elections to Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that there should be effective rules and regulations guiding the use of AI in the electoral process and employ well trained personnel in the system for transparency and accountability, there should be no network glitch while transmitting the results online, there should be enough security so there won’t be any form of hacking, there’s still need for more voter education towards the use of these mechanisms in a violent free society, the governing body of the electoral process should be totally independent, and the leaders should not be appointed by the government of the day.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CHALLENGES OF INSECURITY IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
(2023) ABDULHAMEED OLANREWAJU OLAITAN
Insecurity in Nigeria has resulted to the nasty destruction of life and property due to lack of proactive measures. This study examines how artificial intelligence can be effectively utilized to address security concerns, identifies challenges, limitations, and evaluates the effectiveness of AI-based approaches in mitigating insecurity in the North-Eastern Nigeria. The region has been facing significant security challenges, including boko insurgency, kidnapping and herdsmen and farmers crisis, which have resulted in loss of lives, displacement of peoples, and food insecurity. The research draws from secondary sources, including academic papers, official reports, personal observation and relevant government documents. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of AI's role in conflict resolution and security enhancement in the North-Eastern Nigeria context. The objectives of the study were to: (i) examine the origin of Boko Haram Insurgency in North-Eastern Nigeria; (ii) identify various factors that triggered Boko Haram Insurgency in North-Eastern Nigeria;(iii) critically analyze how does Artificial Intelligence serves as an alternative approach in solving problem of insecurity in Nigerian; (iv) examine the strategies and efforts of stakeholders in restoring security and well-being among affected states. Based on the study's findings, the government should consider investing and providing each Divisional Security Headquarters with AI based technologies for monitoring their respective areas of command. Addressing ethnic and religious tensions in North-Eastern Nigeria is crucial for promoting security and social cohesion in the region. In addition to traditional approaches, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) can play a significant role in tackling these issues. AI technologies can assist in fostering inclusivity, promoting interfaith dialogue, protecting minority rights, and enhancing community development.
ASSESSMENT OF FEDERAL CHARACTER PRINCIPLE ON ZONING OF APPOINTIVE POSITIONS IN NIGERIA’S FOURTH REPUBLIC
(2022) BELLO, RASHEED ADEKUNLE
Nigeria is a federal society comprising 36 states structure with a population of more than 200 million people and has more than 250 ethnic groups, it is also referred to as plural society with different ethnic, religious, cultural, linguistic, as well as geo-political, social and economic challenges. Due to diverse nature of Nigeria state, federal character principle was adopted to promote unity in diversity, ensure equitable development in all the geo-political zones and reduce the fear of sectional domination. Despite the adoption of federal character principle, the zoning of appointive positions still remains lopsided in Nigeria and this poses a challenge for the oneness of Nigeria. This study thus set out to unravel or access the principle of federal character in the zoning of appointive positions. The objectives of this study are to know the challenges facing implementation of federal character principle in zoning of appointive positions in Nigeria’s fourth republic and to know if zoning of appointive positions in Nigeria facilitates national unity. To achieve this, the research adopted a mixed method design and both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were used in carrying this research. This was done through the use of a questionnaire with the sample size of 384 derived from the Krejcie and Morgan table and statistical method was used to analyze the data collected, which shows the frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The researcher also gathered relevant information from library and internet sources, textbooks, magazines, newspapers, journals and other relevant materials for the study. More so, purposive sampling technique was employed in selecting the best fit respondents to be surveyed. The sample involved some individuals from each geopolitical zone in Nigeria, which involves South- South, South- East, South- West, North- South, North-East and North- Central. Based on the findings, this study concludes that effective implementation of Federal character principles will be generally acceptable by all ethnic groups in Nigeria as a normative expression of the equal right of all Nigerians to participate in the appointive positions of the country. This study recommends that there should be strict adherence to policy guideline and implementation plans as spelled out in the federal character principle.
EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON NIGERIA VOTING BEHAVIOUR: A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED VOTERS IN ILORIN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN KWARA STATE
(2021) SHITTU, Babatunde AbdulFatai
The strategy used by the Barak Obama, as one of the former Presidents of United State of America and his campaign team in 2008 election has reveal how the social media can penetrate and play a decisive role in the outcome of an election. The study examines “effects of social media on Nigerian voting behaviour: A study of selected voters in Ilorin east local government area of kwara state”. The 21st century political parties and politicians in Ilorin east local government now regarded social media as a viable tool in winning the heart of the voters during the electioneering processes to the extent of disclosing their social media handles to their party supporters during the campaign. The objectives of the study were to (i) to examine the impact of social media on the voters behaviour in Ilorin east; (ii) to examine which of the social media platform has influenced the residents of Ilorin east voting behaviour ; (iii) to ascertain the extent at which other factors influenced voters behaviour in Ilorin east local government. The research methodology adopted was the survey method. Two hundred and four (204) was used as the sample size based on the population obtained via Taro Yamane formula. A simple sampling technique was used while the Questionnaires were distributed after validity to collect relevant data and analyzed with statistical method indicating frequencies and percentages. The Media System Dependency theory and Gratification theory were adopted as appropriate theories for the study. Findings from the study revealed that social media campaign influenced voter’s behaviour in Ilorin east local government and political posters also have impact on voting behaviour of the affected community.The study observes that social media has influenced the voting behaviors of the residents of Ilorin east local government through various aspects, such as sensitization, political education, campaign, voting monitoring and counting etc. Finally, the study therefore recommends that Independent National Electoral Commission should not relent on usage of social media in propagating voting education in a bit to enlighten the electorates because most of them are already familiar with it and the party leaders should always embrace usage of social media for accountability and democratic culture.
EXAMINING THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON VOTERS PREFERENCE ACROSS AGE GROUPS IN NIGERIA’S PESIDENTIAL 2023 ELCTIONS.
(2024) LIADI MUYHIDEEN BABATUNDE
The adoption of social media has facilitated the dissemination of information and opportunities to the public. Social media platform has shaped the decision of age-groups voters in selecting their preferred candidate. It has also enabled the development of strategies that bring candidates closer to their audiences, a feat that was not achievable in the past two decades. There are concerns that although many politically engaged and educated voters are active on social media, only a few of them convert their activism into actual participation or voting. The objectives of this research were: The study investigates the impact of social media on Nigeria's 2023 election preferences, identifying age-group preferences, and its influence on Nigeria's democratic practice. Therefore the theory employed in this work is public sphere theory. The public sphere is an idea where individuals gather to talk about and identify societal issues, and through these discussions, shape political actions. In this study a survey method was used to analyze the data derived from respondents through administered of questionnaires online. A total of 385 questionnaires was administered online to people that have knowledge about social media and 385 was retrieved. The sample size (with finite population correction) is equal to 385. This study finds that social media users were more likely to say that they planned to vote than those who did not use social media implying that respondents intention to vote may be due to their social media the work conclude that social media is pivotal in 2023 presidential election and different age-groups made their choices based on the way social media content influenced their decisions.
IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON NEO-COLONIZATION IN AFRICA
(2023) OYELEKE ABDULSALAM BABATUNDE
This research examines the intricate relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and neocolonization in Africa, focusing on AI's dual role in both African development and potential neocolonial exploitation. The problem this research seeks to address is the problem of how AI influences neocolonial practices in Africa while also playing a pivotal role in the region's development. This research seeks to analyze how AI contributes to neocolonization in Africa. It aims to assess the significance of AI in fostering African development.The study explores strategies for African nations to counter neocolonialism through AI adoption. Case study research design was used in carrying out the research, and the methodology employed is qualitative method, utilizing secondary sources of data such as magazines, journals, textbooks, and reports to investigate the impact of AI on neocolonization. AI facilitates neocolonial economic exploitation, particularly in sectors like agriculture.AI plays a crucial role in African development, especially in healthcare, disease diagnosis, and drug discovery. Future research could delve into the practical implementation of the recommended strategies, exploring the outcomes and challenges faced by African nations in countering neocolonialism through AI adoption. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the significance of AI in Africa's development while cautioning against potential negative repercussions. By addressing data inequality, investing in domestic technological capabilities, and fostering international collaborations, African countries can harness the transformative potential of AI, counter neocolonial tendencies, and pave the way for a self-determined and prosperous future.
IN POLITICAL PARTY FINANCE AND THE ROLES OF NIGERIA ELECTORAL MANAGEMENT BODY
(2020) MUKAILA IDOWU ADELEKE
In Nigeria the issue of party funding has for long posed a serious concern to watchers of our political scene. In the First and Second Republics it was an issue that was hotly debated in the state parliaments and the National Assembly. It was the fear of allowing the so called ‘moneybags’ to put political parties in their pockets that led the regime of Ibrahim Babangida in the nineties to make government partly responsible for their funding. Under current Nigerian conditions, however, most political parties lack ideologies, not issue oriented, but are merely zero-issue alliances of notables who are able to control and, often enough, manipulate party structures, candidacies and even the general electoral process itself. Most parties are vehicles in the hands of few political entrepreneurs, who invest huge amount of money and expect concurrent rewards on such investment in the form of public works and procurement contracts, prebendal appointments of cronies to public offices and other forms of prebendal activity. The fallout has led to mass electoral/political violence and political destabilization and disempowerment of the generality of the Nigerian electors, the exclusion of alternative parties seeking to participate in electoral politics and the absence of an effective system to regulate political finance. This research seeks to explore the concept of political finance. It will equally attempt to concisely analyze the extant legal framework regulating political finance in Nigeria, highlights their inadequacies with a view of reforming these inadequacies for a better political finance management and best practices and proffer suggestions on the ways forward, recommends that political party financing be monitored and strict regulations should be introduced to punish the offenders.
INVESTGATING THE INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON LAW MAKING PROCESSES IN NIGERIAN 9TH HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE.
(2024) AJIBODE ROQEEB ALAO
This study investigates the embryonic role of artificial intelligence (AI) in shaping legislative processes within the Nigerian 9th House of Representatives. Recently, AI technology has gradually permeating various sectors, including governance and understanding its impact on legislative processes is crucial. The objectives of the study were to: (i) assess the extent of AI adoption in the law law-making process of the Nigeria’s ninth House of Representatives; (ii) examine the effects of AI implementation on the transparency and democratic principles within the ninth House of Representatives; (iii) critically investigate the attitude and perception of lawmakers towards the integration of AI in the legislative processes; Through qualitative and quantitative technique with key stakeholders, this study aims to elucidate the extent to which AI systems are integrated in to legislative practices, the challenges encountered and the potential benefits and implication for democratic governance in Nigeria .Ninety-nine (99) questionnaires were used as the sample size based on the population obtained via taro yamane. However, purposive sampling technique was used while the Questionnaires were distributed after validity. The relevant data were collected and analyzed with taro yamane indicating frequencies and percentages of the data. By shedding light on this nascent yet significant phenomenon, the study contributes to the discourse on the intersection of AI and governance in Nigeria’s evolving political landscape.
POLITICAL GODFATHERISM AND ITS EFFECTS ON GOOD GOVERNANCE. A CASE STUDY OF KWARA STATE
(2022) MUSTAPHA ABIOLA
This research work critically examines political godfatherism and its effects on governance in Kwara state. Political godfatherism is regarded by several literatures as a cancerous worm in the Nigeria political space that has continued to deny Nigerians the dividends of democracy. While the pattern of godfatherism in the first republic was tailored towards nurturing bright minds that would drive each region to the high level of development, the reverse has been the case in the fourth republic. Godfatherism continues to have a negative impact on party politics and governance. The consequence of this has been imposition of candidates on parties, lack of internal party democracy, giving credence to mediocrity over competence amongst others. This trend unfortunately has been prevalent in kwara since 1979 up until 2019 when the dominant godfather as well as the incumbent governor failed in their bid to impose their anointed successor on the state. The research therefore seeks to highlight the effects of godfatherism, examine its causes and how public perception of godfatherism in kwara state politics. This was carried out using a descriptive survey method and both quantitative methods of data collection were used in carrying this research. This was done through the use of a questionnaire with the sample size of 385 derived from the Krejcie and Morgan table. However, only 370 were returned from the respondents, giving a response rate of 96.1 percent. The data were interpreted using tables such as pie and bar charts as well as frequencies from SPSS. Result however shows that godfatherism has a wide range on negative impact on Nigeria’s democracy. Notable among these consequences include encouraging the youths into acts of thuggery; proliferation of arms and ammunition, inability to exercise one’s franchise at the polls, promotion of bad governance amongst others. The study recommends the use Political awareness campaign should be made attractive; efforts should be made to strengthen internal party democracy; strict measures should be taken to curb the ideology of money politics. The outcome of the study will prove beneficial to relevant stake holders especially as the Nigeria 2023 election draws closer.
PUBLIC OPINION ON SOCIAL MEDIA AGE: A STUDY OF ENDSARS MOVEMENT
(2021) MUSTAPHA NAFISAT
The process of making public policies is often influenced by a number of factors and considerations, one of which is public opinion. This research addresses the effect of the digitalization of public opinion in Nigeria. Policy-making and implementation have been described as one of the major problems confronting Nigeria in its effort to achieve national development. The objectives of the study are to discover the extent to which social media has impacted public opinion, particularly on the disbandment of the SARS unit in Nigeria, and also to know what the future holds for digital public opinion in Nigeria. The study applied both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative method was used through administration of online questionnaire to respondents while qualitative was used through journals and library sources. The target population of the study were the active social media users. The sample size needed for this study is 385 which was done via a random sampling method. This study concludes that the social media has become an effective tool for mobilization and public opinion in the country. The study recommends that government should also make its presence on the social media visible in order to monitor the demands of the people on the political system, and also correct wrong information as well as curtail the usage of the social media for disintegrative purposes.
REFLECTIONS ON POLICE BRUTALITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENDSARS PROTEST IN LAGOS
(2021) EKUNDAYO LATEEFAH DAMILOLA
This study examined the influence of artificial influence on Journalists’ job security in Osun State with a view to determining the integration of AI into journalism production processes, and how it raises concerns about the future of journalists in Osun State. The objectives of the study were to; (i) to determine the extent of adoption of artificial intelligence tools for news generation among journalists in Osun State, (ii) to examine the perceived impact of artificial intelligence integration in journalism on job security of journalists in Osun State, (iii) to determine the challenges and opportunities posed by artificial intelligence tools to the traditional roles of journalists in Osun State, (iv) to determine the strategies for journalists to adapt to the changing landscape of artificial intelligence technology while maintaining job security in Osun State, and (v) to determine the attitudes of journalists towards artificial intelligence advancements and its implications for job security in Osun State. The study made use of the survey research method. Two hundred and forty-five members of the Nigerian Union of Journalists, Osun State chapter constituted the population of the study, while the sample size was also Two hundred and forty-six (246) members of the Nigerian Union of Journalists, Osun State using the census sample size. Copies of questionnaire were used to collect data which was analyzed with statistical methods indicating frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The study found that Osun State journalists are very aware of the adoption of artificial intelligence tools for news generation. Also, Osun State journalists agreed that the integration of artificial intelligence will have a negative impact on their job security. In addition, the study found out that however, Osun State journalists are willing to adapt to artificial intelligence tools for journalistic practice in order to keep their jobs. The study, therefore, recommends that; Given the high level of awareness among journalists about AI tools, it is essential to provide comprehensive training programs on practical skills for using AI in journalism, including data analysis, automated content generation, and multimedia production, also to address concerns about job security, media organizations should promote a positive narrative around AI integration.
THE ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR FOREIGN POLICIES OF PRESIDENT MUHAMMADU BUHARI (2015-2021)
(2021) ABDULAZEEZ SEKINAT AJOKE
Nigeria’s foreign policy is dynamic by nature due the leadership styles. It is also an important attribute of Nigeria’s independent and sovereignty. Currently, the country is struggling to survive in the midst of advanced and developed countries to safeguard her existence. The goal of every foreign policy is to establish and maintain a cordial relationship with other nations as well as to build a good image in order to promote her national interest. In response to this, the study aims at investigating the major foreign policies of President Muhammadu Buhari and its impact on Nigeria’s external affairs. The main objectives of this study are to (i) examine the major foreign policies of President Muhammadu Buhari administration (ii) investigate impact of domestic factors on Nigeria’s foreign policy (iii) critically examine effect of the major policies of President Muhamadu Buhari on Nigeria’s external affairs (iv) proffer suggestions on how Nigeria’s foreign policy can be improved to the standard procedures. The statement of the problem therefore is to recommend appropriate strategies to reefers the tread. This study makes use the of qualitative method relying heavily on the secondary data that sourced via academic journals, textbooks, magazines, dailies , internet sources, published and unpublished theses, and the likes.Based on the data collected and analyzed, the followings are the summary of the findings. After the swearing in of Muhammadu Buhari as the President of Nigeria in 2015, he re-positioned Nigeria’s image and influence in the regional and global arena. He also strengthened and revived the fragile and broken relations with the United States of America, United Kingdom, South Africa and other neighboring states like Chad, Niger and Cameroon and also joined the Open Government Partnership (OGP) in 2016. The country interventions have helped restore and strengthen democracy in the Gambia and Guinea Bissau as a result of deployment of troops, fighter jets, and warships to the Gambia during the impasse that followed the December 2016 Presidential elections. In fact, Nigeria’s foreign missions require adequate funding to cater for the needs of Nigerians in diaspora. However, so much needs to be done in order for Nigeria to fulfill her potential as the Giant of Africa.The recommendation for this study are a more proactive and community-based approach to tackling national security should be adopted. There is the need for a strong strategic plan and long term projection of the nation’s foreign policy posture with a view to fashioning out a road-map for Nigeria’s diplomacy.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ELECTORAL BEHAVIUOR IN NIGERIA'S 2023 GENERAL ELECTIONS
(2024) MOSHOOD KAOSARAT DAMILOLA
The advent of social medial has revolutionized political communication and participation globally and Nigeria’s 2023 general election serves as a relevant case study to examine its impact on political behavior. This study investigates the multifaceted influence of social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and WhatsApp on voters’ attitude, perceptions and decision-making processes during the electoral cycle. The objectives were to :( i) analyze the extent to which other various factors have influenced the electorates’ behavior in 2023 general election. (ii) Investigate the impact of social media in shaping political perceptions and attitudes of voters in the 2023 general election. (iii) Critically examine the credibility of political information and misinformation across different social medial platforms during Nigeria’s 2023 presidential election. The study employed a mixed-methods technique, which integrates both quantitative and qualitative data for collection and analysis. The research methodology adopted was mixed method and three hundred and eighty-four (384) was used as the sample size for questionnaire. The data collected were gathered and analyzed with statistical method indicating frequencies and percentages (SPSS). Findings from the study revealed that social media influenced voter’s behavior because it has ability to penetrate in an individual’s bedrooms. Finally, the study therefore recommends that social media can be used to encourage youth participation in electoral processes, online registration, educate candidates and campaign staff. By implementing these recommendations Nigeria’s can harness the potential of social medial to promote informed decision-making and strengthen democratic governance in future elections.
THE NIGERIAN YOUTHPARTICIPATION IN 2019 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ELECTION: A REFLECTION OF NOT TOO YOUNG TO RUN LAW
(2021) ADEYEMI SIKIRAT OPEYEMI
This research work titled ‘Nigerian Youth Participation in the 2019 National Assembly Election: A Reflection on the Not Too Young To Run Law’. The research examine the problem of youth participation in Nigeria politics that is extremely low, averaging between zero to five percent according ( Dumbili, 2015), in order to investigate the problem that study 2019 National Assembly election as a unit of analysis by reflecting on Not too Young too Run Bill was recently passed into law by Nigeria National Assembly. The objective was to determine the reasons for the enactment of not too young to run law; to examine the implementation level of not too young to run law; and to know the impacts of not too young to run law on Nigerian youth participation in 2019 National Assembly Election. The research applied both primary and secondary data. The primary data used quantitative techniques while the secondary data used qualitative techniques to analyse the problem. In this research work, the findings indicate that the Signing of Not too young to Run law as lead to higher level of youth participation in 2019 National Assembly elections. We find out that there is an increase in the participation of youths in the 2019 National Assembly election in compare with 2015 National Assembly Elections which result to the emergence of credible young women and men with competence character who are ready to holistically contribute their quota to national development in appointive position in the National Assembly. It was therefore concluded that youth inclusion in the political aspects of Nigeria is very critical in a sense that it is a great machinery to reinvent the governance structure of Nigeria as well as uplift the continent and to see the Nigeria everybody wants. The research work recommended that to bring youth into the political groups of Nigeria and to utilize their immense potential, the following recommendations are provided; (i) from the global to the national and local levels, the youth-related issues should be the priority areas. (ii) Government should give an enabling environment for the youths to participate in politics by appointing the youths into offices (iii) There should be a policy to reduce and regulate the price of nomination forms and as well as to include youth aspirant as nominees of any political party.
WOMEN AND POLITICAL AMBITIONS IN NIGERIAN POLITICS
(2021) ABDULRASHEED-KAZEEM MARIAM AYOMIDE
Female participation has been particularly low in Nigerian politics, with previous research estimating that female participation in the three tiers of government from Independence until the late 1990s was only 2%. In 1999 there were 631 female contestants out of 11,117. In 2019 however, 20 years after the return to democratic regime, the scenario had barely changed despite the increase in political parties and participation generally. The number of female nominees at the election was a total of 2970 out of 26,137 (11 percent). This is a relatively small figure when compared to over a hundred million estimated populations of women in Nigeria. This therefore prompts the need to address the peculiarities of women’s ambitions and desires in participating in elections as candidates while focusing on Kwara state. To achieve this, the study applied both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative methods were used through administration of online questionnaire to respondents while qualitative was used through journals and library sources. The study finds out that the major cause of low women ambition in politics in Kwara state is due to Discriminatory socio-cultural and religious practices, unhealthy political environment, unsupportive family, fellow women and media supports. The study recommends intensified efforts including government work towards achieving gender equality in democratic governance by increasing and encouraging women’s participation. Political trainings should be introduced to women in the grassroots to develop their political interests.