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IN POLITICAL PARTY FINANCE AND THE ROLES OF NIGERIA ELECTORAL MANAGEMENT BODY
(2020) MUKAILA IDOWU ADELEKE
In Nigeria the issue of party funding has for long posed a serious concern to watchers of our political scene. In the First and Second Republics it was an issue that was hotly debated in the state parliaments and the National Assembly. It was the fear of allowing the so called ‘moneybags’ to put political parties in their pockets that led the regime of Ibrahim Babangida in the nineties to make government partly responsible for their funding. Under current Nigerian conditions, however, most political parties lack ideologies, not issue oriented, but are merely zero-issue alliances of notables who are able to control and, often enough, manipulate party structures, candidacies and even the general electoral process itself. Most parties are vehicles in the hands of few political entrepreneurs, who invest huge amount of money and expect concurrent rewards on such investment in the form of public works and procurement contracts, prebendal appointments of cronies to public offices and other forms of prebendal activity. The fallout has led to mass electoral/political violence and political destabilization and disempowerment of the generality of the Nigerian electors, the exclusion of alternative parties seeking to participate in electoral politics and the absence of an effective system to regulate political finance. This research seeks to explore the concept of political finance. It will equally attempt to concisely analyze the extant legal framework regulating political finance in Nigeria, highlights their inadequacies with a view of reforming these inadequacies for a better political finance management and best practices and proffer suggestions on the ways forward, recommends that political party financing be monitored and strict regulations should be introduced to punish the offenders.
ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Monodora myristica SEED ATTENUATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES IN TYPE II DIABETES-INDUCED COMPLICATIONS IN WISTER RATS
(2020) ALOBALOKE, ABDULRASHEED OLAYINKA
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting in various complications including retinopathy, nephropathy, erectile dysfunction, and hypertension. Due to the high cost and potential adverse effects of existing treatment options for diabetes, which pose a challenge for individuals with middle and low incomes, there has been a need to explore alternative solutions from phytotherapy. As a result, the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Monodora myristica seed (EEMMS) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNp) was investigated for the management of diabetes. A total of 40 male rats (156.25 ± 5.6g) were randomly divided into seven groups. Group A received 0.5 ml of distilled water while the rats in groups B, C, D, E, F, G, H were intraperitoneally induced into diabetes with streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were orallyadministered 0.5ml of distilled water, 0.5 ml of metformin, EEMMS (25, 50, and 100) and SeNp (10 and 20) mg/kg bw respectively, once daily for 14 day. Biochemical assessments were carried out. The result revealed that the EEMMS and SeNp administration significantly reduced the STZ-induced tissue necrotic factors (TNF-α), the 50 mg of the EEMMS is the most potent and should be further investigated for its possibility of being a drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes.
PUBLIC OPINION ON SOCIAL MEDIA AGE: A STUDY OF ENDSARS MOVEMENT
(2021) MUSTAPHA NAFISAT
The process of making public policies is often influenced by a number of factors and considerations, one of which is public opinion. This research addresses the effect of the digitalization of public opinion in Nigeria. Policy-making and implementation have been described as one of the major problems confronting Nigeria in its effort to achieve national development. The objectives of the study are to discover the extent to which social media has impacted public opinion, particularly on the disbandment of the SARS unit in Nigeria, and also to know what the future holds for digital public opinion in Nigeria. The study applied both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative method was used through administration of online questionnaire to respondents while qualitative was used through journals and library sources. The target population of the study were the active social media users. The sample size needed for this study is 385 which was done via a random sampling method. This study concludes that the social media has become an effective tool for mobilization and public opinion in the country. The study recommends that government should also make its presence on the social media visible in order to monitor the demands of the people on the political system, and also correct wrong information as well as curtail the usage of the social media for disintegrative purposes.
REFLECTIONS ON POLICE BRUTALITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENDSARS PROTEST IN LAGOS
(2021) EKUNDAYO LATEEFAH DAMILOLA
This study examined the influence of artificial influence on Journalists’ job security in Osun State with a view to determining the integration of AI into journalism production processes, and how it raises concerns about the future of journalists in Osun State. The objectives of the study were to; (i) to determine the extent of adoption of artificial intelligence tools for news generation among journalists in Osun State, (ii) to examine the perceived impact of artificial intelligence integration in journalism on job security of journalists in Osun State, (iii) to determine the challenges and opportunities posed by artificial intelligence tools to the traditional roles of journalists in Osun State, (iv) to determine the strategies for journalists to adapt to the changing landscape of artificial intelligence technology while maintaining job security in Osun State, and (v) to determine the attitudes of journalists towards artificial intelligence advancements and its implications for job security in Osun State. The study made use of the survey research method. Two hundred and forty-five members of the Nigerian Union of Journalists, Osun State chapter constituted the population of the study, while the sample size was also Two hundred and forty-six (246) members of the Nigerian Union of Journalists, Osun State using the census sample size. Copies of questionnaire were used to collect data which was analyzed with statistical methods indicating frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The study found that Osun State journalists are very aware of the adoption of artificial intelligence tools for news generation. Also, Osun State journalists agreed that the integration of artificial intelligence will have a negative impact on their job security. In addition, the study found out that however, Osun State journalists are willing to adapt to artificial intelligence tools for journalistic practice in order to keep their jobs. The study, therefore, recommends that; Given the high level of awareness among journalists about AI tools, it is essential to provide comprehensive training programs on practical skills for using AI in journalism, including data analysis, automated content generation, and multimedia production, also to address concerns about job security, media organizations should promote a positive narrative around AI integration.
EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON NIGERIA VOTING BEHAVIOUR: A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED VOTERS IN ILORIN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN KWARA STATE
(2021) SHITTU, Babatunde AbdulFatai
The strategy used by the Barak Obama, as one of the former Presidents of United State of America and his campaign team in 2008 election has reveal how the social media can penetrate and play a decisive role in the outcome of an election. The study examines “effects of social media on Nigerian voting behaviour: A study of selected voters in Ilorin east local government area of kwara state”. The 21st century political parties and politicians in Ilorin east local government now regarded social media as a viable tool in winning the heart of the voters during the electioneering processes to the extent of disclosing their social media handles to their party supporters during the campaign. The objectives of the study were to (i) to examine the impact of social media on the voters behaviour in Ilorin east; (ii) to examine which of the social media platform has influenced the residents of Ilorin east voting behaviour ; (iii) to ascertain the extent at which other factors influenced voters behaviour in Ilorin east local government. The research methodology adopted was the survey method. Two hundred and four (204) was used as the sample size based on the population obtained via Taro Yamane formula. A simple sampling technique was used while the Questionnaires were distributed after validity to collect relevant data and analyzed with statistical method indicating frequencies and percentages. The Media System Dependency theory and Gratification theory were adopted as appropriate theories for the study. Findings from the study revealed that social media campaign influenced voter’s behaviour in Ilorin east local government and political posters also have impact on voting behaviour of the affected community.The study observes that social media has influenced the voting behaviors of the residents of Ilorin east local government through various aspects, such as sensitization, political education, campaign, voting monitoring and counting etc. Finally, the study therefore recommends that Independent National Electoral Commission should not relent on usage of social media in propagating voting education in a bit to enlighten the electorates because most of them are already familiar with it and the party leaders should always embrace usage of social media for accountability and democratic culture.
THE NIGERIAN YOUTHPARTICIPATION IN 2019 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ELECTION: A REFLECTION OF NOT TOO YOUNG TO RUN LAW
(2021) ADEYEMI SIKIRAT OPEYEMI
This research work titled ‘Nigerian Youth Participation in the 2019 National Assembly Election: A Reflection on the Not Too Young To Run Law’. The research examine the problem of youth participation in Nigeria politics that is extremely low, averaging between zero to five percent according ( Dumbili, 2015), in order to investigate the problem that study 2019 National Assembly election as a unit of analysis by reflecting on Not too Young too Run Bill was recently passed into law by Nigeria National Assembly. The objective was to determine the reasons for the enactment of not too young to run law; to examine the implementation level of not too young to run law; and to know the impacts of not too young to run law on Nigerian youth participation in 2019 National Assembly Election. The research applied both primary and secondary data. The primary data used quantitative techniques while the secondary data used qualitative techniques to analyse the problem. In this research work, the findings indicate that the Signing of Not too young to Run law as lead to higher level of youth participation in 2019 National Assembly elections. We find out that there is an increase in the participation of youths in the 2019 National Assembly election in compare with 2015 National Assembly Elections which result to the emergence of credible young women and men with competence character who are ready to holistically contribute their quota to national development in appointive position in the National Assembly. It was therefore concluded that youth inclusion in the political aspects of Nigeria is very critical in a sense that it is a great machinery to reinvent the governance structure of Nigeria as well as uplift the continent and to see the Nigeria everybody wants. The research work recommended that to bring youth into the political groups of Nigeria and to utilize their immense potential, the following recommendations are provided; (i) from the global to the national and local levels, the youth-related issues should be the priority areas. (ii) Government should give an enabling environment for the youths to participate in politics by appointing the youths into offices (iii) There should be a policy to reduce and regulate the price of nomination forms and as well as to include youth aspirant as nominees of any political party.
ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY AND ITS EFFECT IN LIVER FUNCTION INDICES OF SAPONIN-RICH EXTRACT OF Euphorbia heterophylla LEAF IN Plasmodium berghei-INFECTED MICE
(2021) ADEJUMOBI, HASSAN ADEBISI
Malaria still continues to be a menace globally despite several efforts in curtailing it. The antimalarial activity and effect in liver function indices of Saponin-rich extract of Euphorbia heterophylla leaf in plasmodium berghei- infected mice was evaluated. Thirty mice were divided into six groups. The mice in group I (control) were uninfected, while those of groups II–VI were infected intraperitoneally with standard (2 ×10^7) inoculums of chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei (NK65) parasite. Mice in groups I (control) and II (P. berghei-infected) received 0.2 ml of distilled water orally, while those of groups III–VI were treated orally with 20mg/kg body weight (b.w.) chloroquine and 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg b.w of saponin-rich extract of Euphorbia heterophylla leaf respectively for six days following the establishment of parasitaemia. The extract at all doses significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the percentage parasitaemia, and as well suppressed parasite growth and multiplication particularly at 10mg/kg. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the concentration of protein, globulin while there is significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of serum and liver of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities when compared with the distilled water administered mice. FT-IR analysis of the saponin revealed the existence of aromatic compounds, alcohols, phenols alkyl groups, alkanes, primary amines, alphatic amine and alkyl halide groups which maybe adduced to the effect demonstrated by the extract.
THE ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR FOREIGN POLICIES OF PRESIDENT MUHAMMADU BUHARI (2015-2021)
(2021) ABDULAZEEZ SEKINAT AJOKE
Nigeria’s foreign policy is dynamic by nature due the leadership styles. It is also an important attribute of Nigeria’s independent and sovereignty. Currently, the country is struggling to survive in the midst of advanced and developed countries to safeguard her existence. The goal of every foreign policy is to establish and maintain a cordial relationship with other nations as well as to build a good image in order to promote her national interest. In response to this, the study aims at investigating the major foreign policies of President Muhammadu Buhari and its impact on Nigeria’s external affairs. The main objectives of this study are to (i) examine the major foreign policies of President Muhammadu Buhari administration (ii) investigate impact of domestic factors on Nigeria’s foreign policy (iii) critically examine effect of the major policies of President Muhamadu Buhari on Nigeria’s external affairs (iv) proffer suggestions on how Nigeria’s foreign policy can be improved to the standard procedures. The statement of the problem therefore is to recommend appropriate strategies to reefers the tread. This study makes use the of qualitative method relying heavily on the secondary data that sourced via academic journals, textbooks, magazines, dailies , internet sources, published and unpublished theses, and the likes.Based on the data collected and analyzed, the followings are the summary of the findings. After the swearing in of Muhammadu Buhari as the President of Nigeria in 2015, he re-positioned Nigeria’s image and influence in the regional and global arena. He also strengthened and revived the fragile and broken relations with the United States of America, United Kingdom, South Africa and other neighboring states like Chad, Niger and Cameroon and also joined the Open Government Partnership (OGP) in 2016. The country interventions have helped restore and strengthen democracy in the Gambia and Guinea Bissau as a result of deployment of troops, fighter jets, and warships to the Gambia during the impasse that followed the December 2016 Presidential elections. In fact, Nigeria’s foreign missions require adequate funding to cater for the needs of Nigerians in diaspora. However, so much needs to be done in order for Nigeria to fulfill her potential as the Giant of Africa.The recommendation for this study are a more proactive and community-based approach to tackling national security should be adopted. There is the need for a strong strategic plan and long term projection of the nation’s foreign policy posture with a view to fashioning out a road-map for Nigeria’s diplomacy.
WOMEN AND POLITICAL AMBITIONS IN NIGERIAN POLITICS
(2021) ABDULRASHEED-KAZEEM MARIAM AYOMIDE
Female participation has been particularly low in Nigerian politics, with previous research estimating that female participation in the three tiers of government from Independence until the late 1990s was only 2%. In 1999 there were 631 female contestants out of 11,117. In 2019 however, 20 years after the return to democratic regime, the scenario had barely changed despite the increase in political parties and participation generally. The number of female nominees at the election was a total of 2970 out of 26,137 (11 percent). This is a relatively small figure when compared to over a hundred million estimated populations of women in Nigeria. This therefore prompts the need to address the peculiarities of women’s ambitions and desires in participating in elections as candidates while focusing on Kwara state. To achieve this, the study applied both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative methods were used through administration of online questionnaire to respondents while qualitative was used through journals and library sources. The study finds out that the major cause of low women ambition in politics in Kwara state is due to Discriminatory socio-cultural and religious practices, unhealthy political environment, unsupportive family, fellow women and media supports. The study recommends intensified efforts including government work towards achieving gender equality in democratic governance by increasing and encouraging women’s participation. Political trainings should be introduced to women in the grassroots to develop their political interests.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF SURFACE WATER OF AFELELE RIVER, OFFA, KWARA STATE
(2021) ABDULRAHEEM, Khairat Abiola
Study of the intrinsic bioremediation potential of Afelele River, Offa, Kwara state. The Objectives of this study is to determine the physicochemical properties, heavy metal content and also to isolate and characterize bacteria from Afelele surface water. Physicochemical properties were determined according to APHA standard method for the examination of water and waste water and Heavy metals contents of surface water were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Bulk scientific VGP 210 model). Bacteriological analysis and biochemical characterization was carried out according to Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. In view off the various anthropological activities around the study area such as dumping of refuse and washing, which has resulted in heavy pollution of the water. Hence, the potential of the river to bioremediate itself naturally (self-purification) is jeopardized. Microbes are very helpful to remediate the contaminated environment. The Physicochemical analysis of the river water indicates alkaline pH of surface water 8.81 ± 0.05. Other physicochemical properties indicate significant variations in the values obtained for the surface water. The alkalinity of the right wing RW1 is 65.30, while the Left wing LW1 is 66.80 and the outflow OF1 is 66.85. The acidity of IF2 is relatively low at 12.52±0.10. The Total dissolved solid (TDS) of OF1 at 250.55±2.51 is low compared to 299.50 ± 2.90 mg/l found in LW1, while IF-2 has the highest amount of the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) with 1196.85±4.51 compared to 1115.50±4.10 found in RW1. The value of the BOD is high in RW-2 at 3.80±0.02 and it is lower in the IF2 at 3.50±0.05.COD values are also high in the surface water. The COD of RW-2 is 4.07±0.09 which is the lowest among the regions of the river. The pH of the surface water is 8.81 ± 0.05 at the outflow OF1. Heavy metals content analysis showed high concentrations in the river water. Isolates obtained from the river water were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia pestris, Micrococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Edwardsiella tarda. This study has shown that Afelele river is a polluted system that requires remediation and that neither the water nor the fishes in the water is safe for human consumption. It also revealed the diverse culturable members of the surface water are well-adapted to various pollutants in the water and might play important role in the intrinsic bioremediation of the polluted ecosystem.
MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF RAW MILK COLLECTED FROM OFFA METROPOLIS
(2021) POPOOLA, OPEYEMI HELEN
Milk has an outstanding nutritional quality but it is also an excellent medium for bacterial growth and an important source of bacterial infection when consumed without pasteurization. Generally microbial contamination of milk can occur through the udder and its exterior, milk handlers and storage equipment. Furthermore, the collection and transportation of raw milk to the processing centers in most developing countries usually goes unchecked/ unsupervised. There is paucity of data on the routine hygienic quality control of raw milk and milk product in Offa and thus poses significant health risk to the consumers. The aim of this study is to isolate, identify, and characterized bacteria from fresh milk samples collected around Offa and its environment for evaluation of consumption safety. The samples was carried out by using serial dilution of 104,6&7 and was plated by using pour plate method, morphological characterization was carried out and lastly biochemical test. A total of ten isolates were recovered from three fresh milk samples across Federal Polytechnic Offa (animal husbandry), Ojuku area and Ilemona area in Offa. The pathogenic bacteria was identified by using the bergeys manual of determinative bacteriology from the sample includes Klebsiella oxytoca (20%), Enterobacter intermedius (40%), Klebsiella pneumonia (20%), Enterobacter aerogenes (10%), and Serratia fonticola (10%). Many bacteria could get access to milk and milk product such as E. coli (coliforms) which are often used as indicator organisms to confirm the bacteria contamination of milk.
PERCEPTION AND IMPACT OF CACOPHONOUS INFORMATION, MISINFORMATION AND CONSPIRACY THEORIES ON CORONAVIRUS AMONG LAGOS STATE RESIDENTS
(2021) IBRAHEEM, KAREEMAH MORENIKEJI
several social media platforms to stump out flood of misinformation and promote c: This study examined the perception and impact of cacophonous information, misinformation and conspiracy theories about Coronavirus among Lagos state residents. The objectives of the study were to (i) determine the sources of misinformation, cacophonous information, and conspiracy theories about Coronavirus among Lagos State Residents; (ii) determine the level of exposure to media that carries misinformation, cacophonous information, and conspiracy theories about Coronavirus among Lagos State Residents; (iii) determine the perception of Lagos State residents on misinformation, cacophonous information, and conspiracy theories about Coronavirus; (iv) find out the impact of Coronavirus misinformation, cacophonous information, and conspiracy theories on Lagos State residents; (v) determine possible solution to mitigate the impact of Coronavirus misinformation, cacophonous information and conspiracy theories among Lagos State residents. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the Local Government Area used in the study. Fourteen million, eight hundred and sixty-two thousand, one hundred and one constituted the population for the study. A total of three hundred and eighty-four Lagos state residents which served as the sample size was drawn from the total population of Lagos State Residents using Krejcie and Morgan table. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed with statistical method indicating frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The study made the following findings: 1. Facebook was the most preferred social media platform that gives news update on Coronavirus information (43%) while Twitter has (26.6%) and WhatsApp with (30.3%). 2. Moderate attention is given to media that carries Coronavirus updates (51.7%). 3.Residents’ perception on Coronavirus misinformation, cacophonous information and conspiracy theories is that Coronavirus is a virus whose genes were handled by scientists inside a laboratory in Wuhan, China to discover a vaccine against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/AIDS) but accidentally escaped from the laboratory (M= 3.0, SD= 1.3). 4. Impact of Coronavirus misinformation, cacophonous information, and conspiracy theories on Lagos State residents is that it led to overdose of hydroxychloroquine (M= 3,0, SD= 1.2). 5. To mitigate the impact of Coronavirus misinformation, cacophonous information and conspiracy theories among Lagos State residents, scientist should make available their expertise to journalists and fact-checkers in order to help debunk misinformation (M= 3.2, SD= 1.2). The research concluded that information passed through these social media platforms influences the perception of Lagos state residents about Coronavirus. It was therefore recommended that World Health Organization (WHO) should partner wit ritical updates from healthcare agencies.
POLITICAL GODFATHERISM AND ITS EFFECTS ON GOOD GOVERNANCE. A CASE STUDY OF KWARA STATE
(2022) MUSTAPHA ABIOLA
This research work critically examines political godfatherism and its effects on governance in Kwara state. Political godfatherism is regarded by several literatures as a cancerous worm in the Nigeria political space that has continued to deny Nigerians the dividends of democracy. While the pattern of godfatherism in the first republic was tailored towards nurturing bright minds that would drive each region to the high level of development, the reverse has been the case in the fourth republic. Godfatherism continues to have a negative impact on party politics and governance. The consequence of this has been imposition of candidates on parties, lack of internal party democracy, giving credence to mediocrity over competence amongst others. This trend unfortunately has been prevalent in kwara since 1979 up until 2019 when the dominant godfather as well as the incumbent governor failed in their bid to impose their anointed successor on the state. The research therefore seeks to highlight the effects of godfatherism, examine its causes and how public perception of godfatherism in kwara state politics. This was carried out using a descriptive survey method and both quantitative methods of data collection were used in carrying this research. This was done through the use of a questionnaire with the sample size of 385 derived from the Krejcie and Morgan table. However, only 370 were returned from the respondents, giving a response rate of 96.1 percent. The data were interpreted using tables such as pie and bar charts as well as frequencies from SPSS. Result however shows that godfatherism has a wide range on negative impact on Nigeria’s democracy. Notable among these consequences include encouraging the youths into acts of thuggery; proliferation of arms and ammunition, inability to exercise one’s franchise at the polls, promotion of bad governance amongst others. The study recommends the use Political awareness campaign should be made attractive; efforts should be made to strengthen internal party democracy; strict measures should be taken to curb the ideology of money politics. The outcome of the study will prove beneficial to relevant stake holders especially as the Nigeria 2023 election draws closer.
ASSESSMENT OF FEDERAL CHARACTER PRINCIPLE ON ZONING OF APPOINTIVE POSITIONS IN NIGERIA’S FOURTH REPUBLIC
(2022) BELLO, RASHEED ADEKUNLE
Nigeria is a federal society comprising 36 states structure with a population of more than 200 million people and has more than 250 ethnic groups, it is also referred to as plural society with different ethnic, religious, cultural, linguistic, as well as geo-political, social and economic challenges. Due to diverse nature of Nigeria state, federal character principle was adopted to promote unity in diversity, ensure equitable development in all the geo-political zones and reduce the fear of sectional domination. Despite the adoption of federal character principle, the zoning of appointive positions still remains lopsided in Nigeria and this poses a challenge for the oneness of Nigeria. This study thus set out to unravel or access the principle of federal character in the zoning of appointive positions. The objectives of this study are to know the challenges facing implementation of federal character principle in zoning of appointive positions in Nigeria’s fourth republic and to know if zoning of appointive positions in Nigeria facilitates national unity. To achieve this, the research adopted a mixed method design and both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were used in carrying this research. This was done through the use of a questionnaire with the sample size of 384 derived from the Krejcie and Morgan table and statistical method was used to analyze the data collected, which shows the frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The researcher also gathered relevant information from library and internet sources, textbooks, magazines, newspapers, journals and other relevant materials for the study. More so, purposive sampling technique was employed in selecting the best fit respondents to be surveyed. The sample involved some individuals from each geopolitical zone in Nigeria, which involves South- South, South- East, South- West, North- South, North-East and North- Central. Based on the findings, this study concludes that effective implementation of Federal character principles will be generally acceptable by all ethnic groups in Nigeria as a normative expression of the equal right of all Nigerians to participate in the appointive positions of the country. This study recommends that there should be strict adherence to policy guideline and implementation plans as spelled out in the federal character principle.
IN-SILICO INHIBITION OF FATTY ACID METHYL ESTHERS FROM Monodora tenuifolia SEED OIL AGAINST CHOLESTEROL 24-HYDROXYLASE IN DIABETES
(2022) OYEDELE ZAINAB AYOMIDE
: Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by the presence of prolonged hyperglycaemia. The prevalence of diabetes as well as its expensive management options has led to researchers turning their attention to finding alternatives from plants. Mondora tenuifolia commonly known as African Nutmeg belongs to the family Anonaceae. It has been reported to possess several medicinal properties. In this study, Monodora tenuifolia seed oil was subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Six Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) nmely; methyl linoleate, methyl arachidate, methyl eicosenoate, methyl linolenate, methyl eicosadienoate, methyl eicosadienoate were obtained and their SDF structures were extracted from pubChem. The FAMEs were docked against cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (which maintains cholesterol level by converting cholesterol to hydroxycholesterol) and their relative binding affinities as well as their 2D binding interactions were compared with that of a standard inhibitor (Acarbose). The result indicated a binding affinity of -7.1 kcal/mol for methyl eicosanoate which compared favourably with acarbose (-7.3 kcal/mol). The presence of conventional hydrogen and alkyl bonds may have conferred the high binding affinity on the compound and places it in good stead to be explored further as a suitable inhibitor of the enzyme cholesterol 24-hydroxylase.
: IN-SILICO INHIBITION OF LIGANDS FROM ETHANOLIC EXRACT OF Monodora tenuifolia SEED AGAINST α-AMYLASE AND α-GLUCOSIDASE IN DIABETES
(2022) RAJI, HAMEEDAH OJUOLAPE
Diabetes mellitus which describes a cluster of metabolic disorders defined by elevated glucose levels may rise to 693 million worldwide from its current figure of 451 million in the next 25 years with the majority of this increase coming from Sub-Saharan Africa. There are numerous researches centred on discovering alternatives to current management options from plants. One of such plant is Monodora tenuifolia. It is a tropical tree of the Annonaceae family of flowering plants with several secondary metabolites of different pharmacological activities. In this study, in silico inhibitory effect of ligands obtained from the plant on two proteins (α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase) important in diabetes was evaluated. A total of sixteen (16) compounds were obtained from the ethanolic extract of Monodora tenuifolia seed using Liquid Chromatography-Gas Spectrometry (LCMS). Their relative binding affinities and 2D interactions were compared with selected standard ligands, maltose and miglitol against α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase respectively. Amino-hydroxy-[4-(methylamino) butyl-(2-methylpropanimidoyl) amino] azanium exhibited same binding affinity (-6.6 kcal/mol) as the standard compound (maltose) towards α-Amylase and a higher binding affinity of -6.3 kcal/mol towards α-Glucosidase than the standard miglitol (-4.6) at same binding pocket. The higher binding affinity could be attributed to the presence of conventional hydrogen bond, carbon-hydrogen bond for α-Amylase and conventional hydrogen bond, Pi-sigma interaction for α-Glucosidase. The compound could be explored further as lead to obtaining suitable inhibitors of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase.
IN SILICO INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF LIGANDS FROM Monodora tenuifolia SEED OIL ON HMG-CoA REDUCTASE IN DIABETES
(2022) MUSTAPHA, RASHEEDAT DAMILOLA
Diabetes mellitus is a fast-growing metabolic disorder due to lack of insulin and/or reduced insulin action resulting in hyperglycaemia. Poor nutrition alongside sedentary lifestyle has been implicated in diabetes complications with diabetics restricted to certain types of food. This necessitated the in silico evaluation of a medicinal plant, Monodora tenuifolia seed oil for its therapeutic values in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. A total volume of about 100ml of oil was obtained from 900g of the Monodora tenuifolia seed using hexane and characterized with the aid of GC-MS. The ligands obtained were docked against standard inhibitor, lovastatin, and the protein, HMG-CoA Reductase. The seed oil had physical characteristics of dark brown color, a mint-like taste and smell. The Non-volatile compounds found in the oil were; methyl palmitate, methyl palmitoleate, trans–methyl linoleaidate, methyl heptadecanoate, methyl oleate and methyl stearate. The standard inhibitor (lovastatin) as well as the test ligands interacted at a similar binding pocket exhibiting different binding affinities against HMG-CoA Reductase with methyl stearate having the highest binding affinity of -6.0 kcal/mol closer to that of the standard inhibitor (-6.0 kcal/mol). Methyl stearate can be exploited as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA Reductase.
IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY ON INFLATION IN NIGERIA
(2022) SALAKO, AISHAT KIKELOMO
This study examined the impact of monetary policy on inflation in Nigeria. The inflation rate was employed as the dependent variable against the explanatory monetary policy variables- Log of GDP, Interest Rate, Exchange Rate, Monetary Policy Rate, Broad Money Supply. The time series data used spanned the period from 1990 to 2020. The study adopted the Unit Root test, Co-integration Test, Granger Causality Test. The result of the study revealed that interest rate has a significant effect on inflation rate in Nigeria which implies that interest rates serves as one of the major tool of controlling inflation rate and an increase in interest rate escalate inflationary pressure. Finding also revealed that, Monetary Policy Rate, Broad Money Supply, Exchange Rate, Log of GDP have significant effect on inflation rate that is the economy grows and inflation increases. The study recommends that the Monetary authority should adopt adequate indirect instruments for the purpose of controlling the volume of money in circulation for effective and efficient control of inflation rate in Nigeria. The money market and its instruments should be adequately developed for the purpose of making it an effective control mechanism of inflation in Nigeria.
APPLICATION OF ANIMATION TO TEACHING (A CASE STUDY OF SUMMIT UNIVERSITY, OFFA, KWARA STATE)
(2022) RAJI MUBARAK AKINOLA
Computer-mediated teaching & learning in higher institutions classroom is much relevant in recent times. Effective, efficient and knowledge-driven classroom teaching should not be limited to mere chalk, board and teacher relationship. Animation made Teaching and learning innovative, enjoyable, impacting and understandable. Whiteboard animation is a kind of animation that enable teaching with broad explanation, making it suitable for the creation of the videos in this project. Whiteboard animated videos were designed and created for selected course in the department of computer science. The videos were uploaded on a Youtube channel to aid easy access. The video’s texts were implemented using Adobe After Effect and the voiceover were recorded with Adobe Audition. Animated videos will enhance teaching in a wide range if it is adopted in every educational level.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ANDROID-BASED CUMULATIVE GRADE POINT AVERAGE CALCULATOR
(2022) ABDULWASIU JAMIU OLASUNKANMI
UI/UX refers to the practice of designing digital products with a user-first approach. An android mobile device enables open-source applications embedding UI/UX interface, which enable its high percentage of usage in the student populace. It is being discovered that poor performance of students in assessments can be linked to limited study and concentration which has been traced to the common lack of drive. The GPA calculator App is developed to drive the student to study & prepare hard for the assessment and even predict the grade. This project was developed using java programming language and React JS. The developed GPA Calculator has been hosted on Netlify and published on Google Play Store. The GPA calculator is effective to drive the student to perform well in pursuing good grades.