Biochemistry

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ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Monodora myristica SEED ATTENUATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES IN TYPE II DIABETES-INDUCED COMPLICATIONS IN WISTER RATS
(2020) ALOBALOKE, ABDULRASHEED OLAYINKA
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting in various complications including retinopathy, nephropathy, erectile dysfunction, and hypertension. Due to the high cost and potential adverse effects of existing treatment options for diabetes, which pose a challenge for individuals with middle and low incomes, there has been a need to explore alternative solutions from phytotherapy. As a result, the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Monodora myristica seed (EEMMS) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNp) was investigated for the management of diabetes. A total of 40 male rats (156.25 ± 5.6g) were randomly divided into seven groups. Group A received 0.5 ml of distilled water while the rats in groups B, C, D, E, F, G, H were intraperitoneally induced into diabetes with streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were orallyadministered 0.5ml of distilled water, 0.5 ml of metformin, EEMMS (25, 50, and 100) and SeNp (10 and 20) mg/kg bw respectively, once daily for 14 day. Biochemical assessments were carried out. The result revealed that the EEMMS and SeNp administration significantly reduced the STZ-induced tissue necrotic factors (TNF-α), the 50 mg of the EEMMS is the most potent and should be further investigated for its possibility of being a drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes.
ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY AND ITS EFFECT IN LIVER FUNCTION INDICES OF SAPONIN-RICH EXTRACT OF Euphorbia heterophylla LEAF IN Plasmodium berghei-INFECTED MICE
(2021) ADEJUMOBI, HASSAN ADEBISI
Malaria still continues to be a menace globally despite several efforts in curtailing it. The antimalarial activity and effect in liver function indices of Saponin-rich extract of Euphorbia heterophylla leaf in plasmodium berghei- infected mice was evaluated. Thirty mice were divided into six groups. The mice in group I (control) were uninfected, while those of groups II–VI were infected intraperitoneally with standard (2 ×10^7) inoculums of chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei (NK65) parasite. Mice in groups I (control) and II (P. berghei-infected) received 0.2 ml of distilled water orally, while those of groups III–VI were treated orally with 20mg/kg body weight (b.w.) chloroquine and 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg b.w of saponin-rich extract of Euphorbia heterophylla leaf respectively for six days following the establishment of parasitaemia. The extract at all doses significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the percentage parasitaemia, and as well suppressed parasite growth and multiplication particularly at 10mg/kg. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the concentration of protein, globulin while there is significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of serum and liver of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities when compared with the distilled water administered mice. FT-IR analysis of the saponin revealed the existence of aromatic compounds, alcohols, phenols alkyl groups, alkanes, primary amines, alphatic amine and alkyl halide groups which maybe adduced to the effect demonstrated by the extract.
PERCEPTION AND IMPACT OF CACOPHONOUS INFORMATION, MISINFORMATION AND CONSPIRACY THEORIES ON CORONAVIRUS AMONG LAGOS STATE RESIDENTS
(2021) IBRAHEEM, KAREEMAH MORENIKEJI
several social media platforms to stump out flood of misinformation and promote c: This study examined the perception and impact of cacophonous information, misinformation and conspiracy theories about Coronavirus among Lagos state residents. The objectives of the study were to (i) determine the sources of misinformation, cacophonous information, and conspiracy theories about Coronavirus among Lagos State Residents; (ii) determine the level of exposure to media that carries misinformation, cacophonous information, and conspiracy theories about Coronavirus among Lagos State Residents; (iii) determine the perception of Lagos State residents on misinformation, cacophonous information, and conspiracy theories about Coronavirus; (iv) find out the impact of Coronavirus misinformation, cacophonous information, and conspiracy theories on Lagos State residents; (v) determine possible solution to mitigate the impact of Coronavirus misinformation, cacophonous information and conspiracy theories among Lagos State residents. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the Local Government Area used in the study. Fourteen million, eight hundred and sixty-two thousand, one hundred and one constituted the population for the study. A total of three hundred and eighty-four Lagos state residents which served as the sample size was drawn from the total population of Lagos State Residents using Krejcie and Morgan table. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed with statistical method indicating frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The study made the following findings: 1. Facebook was the most preferred social media platform that gives news update on Coronavirus information (43%) while Twitter has (26.6%) and WhatsApp with (30.3%). 2. Moderate attention is given to media that carries Coronavirus updates (51.7%). 3.Residents’ perception on Coronavirus misinformation, cacophonous information and conspiracy theories is that Coronavirus is a virus whose genes were handled by scientists inside a laboratory in Wuhan, China to discover a vaccine against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/AIDS) but accidentally escaped from the laboratory (M= 3.0, SD= 1.3). 4. Impact of Coronavirus misinformation, cacophonous information, and conspiracy theories on Lagos State residents is that it led to overdose of hydroxychloroquine (M= 3,0, SD= 1.2). 5. To mitigate the impact of Coronavirus misinformation, cacophonous information and conspiracy theories among Lagos State residents, scientist should make available their expertise to journalists and fact-checkers in order to help debunk misinformation (M= 3.2, SD= 1.2). The research concluded that information passed through these social media platforms influences the perception of Lagos state residents about Coronavirus. It was therefore recommended that World Health Organization (WHO) should partner wit ritical updates from healthcare agencies.
IN-SILICO INHIBITION OF FATTY ACID METHYL ESTHERS FROM Monodora tenuifolia SEED OIL AGAINST CHOLESTEROL 24-HYDROXYLASE IN DIABETES
(2022) OYEDELE ZAINAB AYOMIDE
: Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by the presence of prolonged hyperglycaemia. The prevalence of diabetes as well as its expensive management options has led to researchers turning their attention to finding alternatives from plants. Mondora tenuifolia commonly known as African Nutmeg belongs to the family Anonaceae. It has been reported to possess several medicinal properties. In this study, Monodora tenuifolia seed oil was subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Six Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) nmely; methyl linoleate, methyl arachidate, methyl eicosenoate, methyl linolenate, methyl eicosadienoate, methyl eicosadienoate were obtained and their SDF structures were extracted from pubChem. The FAMEs were docked against cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (which maintains cholesterol level by converting cholesterol to hydroxycholesterol) and their relative binding affinities as well as their 2D binding interactions were compared with that of a standard inhibitor (Acarbose). The result indicated a binding affinity of -7.1 kcal/mol for methyl eicosanoate which compared favourably with acarbose (-7.3 kcal/mol). The presence of conventional hydrogen and alkyl bonds may have conferred the high binding affinity on the compound and places it in good stead to be explored further as a suitable inhibitor of the enzyme cholesterol 24-hydroxylase.
: IN-SILICO INHIBITION OF LIGANDS FROM ETHANOLIC EXRACT OF Monodora tenuifolia SEED AGAINST α-AMYLASE AND α-GLUCOSIDASE IN DIABETES
(2022) RAJI, HAMEEDAH OJUOLAPE
Diabetes mellitus which describes a cluster of metabolic disorders defined by elevated glucose levels may rise to 693 million worldwide from its current figure of 451 million in the next 25 years with the majority of this increase coming from Sub-Saharan Africa. There are numerous researches centred on discovering alternatives to current management options from plants. One of such plant is Monodora tenuifolia. It is a tropical tree of the Annonaceae family of flowering plants with several secondary metabolites of different pharmacological activities. In this study, in silico inhibitory effect of ligands obtained from the plant on two proteins (α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase) important in diabetes was evaluated. A total of sixteen (16) compounds were obtained from the ethanolic extract of Monodora tenuifolia seed using Liquid Chromatography-Gas Spectrometry (LCMS). Their relative binding affinities and 2D interactions were compared with selected standard ligands, maltose and miglitol against α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase respectively. Amino-hydroxy-[4-(methylamino) butyl-(2-methylpropanimidoyl) amino] azanium exhibited same binding affinity (-6.6 kcal/mol) as the standard compound (maltose) towards α-Amylase and a higher binding affinity of -6.3 kcal/mol towards α-Glucosidase than the standard miglitol (-4.6) at same binding pocket. The higher binding affinity could be attributed to the presence of conventional hydrogen bond, carbon-hydrogen bond for α-Amylase and conventional hydrogen bond, Pi-sigma interaction for α-Glucosidase. The compound could be explored further as lead to obtaining suitable inhibitors of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase.
IN SILICO INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF LIGANDS FROM Monodora tenuifolia SEED OIL ON HMG-CoA REDUCTASE IN DIABETES
(2022) MUSTAPHA, RASHEEDAT DAMILOLA
Diabetes mellitus is a fast-growing metabolic disorder due to lack of insulin and/or reduced insulin action resulting in hyperglycaemia. Poor nutrition alongside sedentary lifestyle has been implicated in diabetes complications with diabetics restricted to certain types of food. This necessitated the in silico evaluation of a medicinal plant, Monodora tenuifolia seed oil for its therapeutic values in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. A total volume of about 100ml of oil was obtained from 900g of the Monodora tenuifolia seed using hexane and characterized with the aid of GC-MS. The ligands obtained were docked against standard inhibitor, lovastatin, and the protein, HMG-CoA Reductase. The seed oil had physical characteristics of dark brown color, a mint-like taste and smell. The Non-volatile compounds found in the oil were; methyl palmitate, methyl palmitoleate, trans–methyl linoleaidate, methyl heptadecanoate, methyl oleate and methyl stearate. The standard inhibitor (lovastatin) as well as the test ligands interacted at a similar binding pocket exhibiting different binding affinities against HMG-CoA Reductase with methyl stearate having the highest binding affinity of -6.0 kcal/mol closer to that of the standard inhibitor (-6.0 kcal/mol). Methyl stearate can be exploited as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA Reductase.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT, ALPHA-AMYLASE AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF N-HEXANE EXTRACT OF Monodora tenuifolia SEED
(2022) IBRAHIM, HALIMA SHABA
Monodora tenuifolia is a natural plant used for different purposes in Nigeria. It serves medicinal and nutrient purposes. Diabetes a global disease of fast rising incidence rate, thus, requiring effective therapeutical options. This project investigated the in vitro antioxidant potential, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of n-hexane extract of Monodora tenuifolia seed. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using 2,2-Azino Bis (3-Ethylbenzthiazolin-6-Sulfonic Acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity, 2, 2-Diphenyl-1Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Nitric oxide (NO) concentration. The results from this study revealed that the Monodora tenuifolia seed contained an appreciable amount of flavonoids and phenols. The Nitric oxide scavenging activity, (ABTS) scavenging activity, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were dose dependent. At the highest dose, the scavenging activity obtained for NO, ABTS, DPPH, TAC, FRAP were 55.18 ± 0.18 µg/ml, 68.07± 0.36 µg/ml, 70.57 ± 0.04 µg/ml, 6.53 ± 0.64 µg/ml and 0.32 ± 0.00µg/ml respectively. The extract also showed the ability to inhibit the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The n-hexane extract of Monodora tenuifolia demonstrated potential anti-diabetic activity probably due to the phytochemicals present
ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Monodora myristica SEED REGULATED HYPERGLYCEMIA AND AMELIORATED HEPATOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS
(2023) ABDULRAUF, KAUTHAR OMOLARA
Despite the high incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and associated complications, there has been little or no successful development of effective management options. Monodora myristica is a commonly consumed plant and this study therefore seeks to evaluate its ethanolic extract’s role in hyperglycemic regulation and hepatopathy amelioration in type 2 diabetic rats. Experimental animals were induced into T2DM by feeding the rats with high fat diet for three weeks followed by intraperitonial administration of streptozotocin. Forty male wistar rats with average weight 156.18 ± 0.05g were randomly divided into eight groups of 5 rats each and treated orally for fourteen days. Group I, non-diabetic rats were administered 0.5 mL distilled water; group II were untreated diabetic rats administered distilled water; groups III were diabetic rats administered metformin, group IV- VIII were diabetic rats administered ethanolic extract of Monodora myristica seed at 25, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight and 10mg and 20mg selenium nanoparticles of the extract respectively. The results of this study revealed that induction of T2DM caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, C-Peptide, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels of the rats. Treatment of the rats with the extract and its nanoparticles brought about a decrease in these levels while the decrease in albumin, total and direct bilirubin, insulin and adiponectin levels in diabetic rats were also reversed. Collectively, the seed demonstrated antidiabetic potential by improving insulin biosynthesis and utilization, it also mitigated the development of liver disease such fatty liver disease and as such a candidate for the management of diabetics in the diet. Despite the high incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and associated complications, there has been little or no successful development of effective management options. Monodora myristica is a commonly consumed plant and this study therefore seeks to evaluate its ethanolic extract’s role in hyperglycemic regulation and hepatopathy amelioration in type 2 diabetic rats. Experimental animals were induced into T2DM by feeding the rats with high fat diet for three weeks followed by intraperitonial administration of streptozotocin. Forty male wistar rats with average weight 156.18 ± 0.05g were randomly divided into eight groups of 5 rats each and treated orally for fourteen days. Group I, non-diabetic rats were administered 0.5 mL distilled water; group II were untreated diabetic rats administered distilled water; groups III were diabetic rats administered metformin, group IV- VIII were diabetic rats administered ethanolic extract of Monodora myristica seed at 25, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight and 10mg and 20mg selenium nanoparticles of the extract respectively. The results of this study revealed that induction of T2DM caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, C-Peptide, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels of the rats. Treatment of the rats with the extract and its nanoparticles brought about a decrease in these levels while the decrease in albumin, total and direct bilirubin, insulin and adiponectin levels in diabetic rats were also reversed. Collectively, the seed demonstrated antidiabetic potential by improving insulin biosynthesis and utilization, it also mitigated the development of liver disease such fatty liver disease and as such a candidate for the management of diabetics in the diet.
ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Monodora myristica SEED ATTENUATED DIABETES-RELATED NEPHROPATIC COMPLICATION
(2023) BISIRIYU, ZAINAB ABIODUN
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic condition characterized by high levels of blood glucose. This can occur due to insufficient secretion of the hormone insulin or damage to the pancreatic β cells, which are responsible for producing insulin. It is associated with both acute and chronic complications. There is no effective cure for diabetes and the available treatments are known to produce serious adverse effects, drug resistance, not easily affordable, and not readily available, hence the search for traditional or alternative medicinal plants which are safe and effective for the management of diabetes. Monodora myristica and Selenium nanoparticle has been reported to possess various therapeutic properties, including potential anti-diabetic effects. The objectives of this study were to: (i) Induce diabetes in rats using streptozotocin; (ii) synthesize selenium nanoparticle using ethanolic extract of Monodora myristica seed; (iii) evaluate the safety of the ethanolic extract of Monodora myristica seed using biological parameters of kidney function. A total of forty (40) male Wistar rats with an average weight of 156.18g were used for this study. The animals were grouped into eight groups of five animals each with group A which is the positive control (non-diabetic rats) group receiving 0.5 ml of distilled water and the diabetic rats {induced by intraperitoneal administration of 35 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) of streptozotocin} in groups B, C, D, E, F, G, H orally administered distilled water, metformin (reference antidiabetic drug), 25, 50, 100, 10 and 20 mg/kg b.wt of EEMMS and selenium nanoparticle respectively, once daily for 14 days. Biochemical analysis such as kidney function indexes was determined. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons at P < 0.05. The findings in this study revealed that the administration of ethanolic extract of Monodora myristica seed (EEMMS) and selenium nanoparticle (SeNp) led to a significant decrease in the Urea and Uric acid level of the diabetic rats when compared to the diabetic rats receiving treated water.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Monodora myristiica SEED IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC WISTAR RATS
(2023) OSENI, BARAKAT
Diabetes mellitus is a type of metabolic condition of elevated blood glucose with increase in prevalence and death rates in all geographical areas. This project examined the antioxidant and antidyslipidemic effects of oral administration of ethanolic extract of Monodora myristica seed intype 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats. Induction of T2DM was done by feeding the rats with high fat diet followed by intraperitonial administration of 30 mg streptozotocin in citrate buffer solution. Forty male wistar rats were randomized into eight groups of five rats. The first group was non-diabetic rats and received 0.5 mL distilled water, the second was diabetic and received 0.5 mL of distilled water, the third-eighth groups were diabetic rats treated with metformin, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg body weight of the extract and 10 and 20 mg of selenium nanoparticles respectively for fourteen days. Findings from the result showed increased levels of serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, low density lipoprotein and malondialdehyde. Administration of the extract and selenium nanoparticles brought about a decrease in these levels. The antioxidant status of the diabetic rats were reduced, however there were not significant (P>0.05) differences in the reduced glutathione (except the 10 mg selenium nanoparticles), glutathione S-transferase and peroxidase activities but a significant (P<0.05) decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities when compared to the diabetic untreated rats. Conclusively, this study further corroborates the potentials of the seed in mitigating lipid-associated diabetic disorders and suggestive of its advantage as food supplement in the management of diabetes complications.
AMELIORATION OF ISOPROTENOL-INDUCED CARDIAC INJURY ON FEMALE WISTAR RATS BY AQUEOUS ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CARICA PAPAYA LEAVES.
(2024) IBRAHIM, MUSLIMAH GBEMISOLA.
: Conventional methods of nanoparticle synthesis often rely on the use of toxic chemicals, raising environmental concerns. This study shows the green synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoONPs) using extracts from Khaya Senegalensis (African mahogany) and Psidium guajava (guava) leaves. This plant extracts act as reducing and capping agents, removing the need for toxic chemicals. The research further investigates the possible application of these bio-synthesized CoONPs in soil bioremediation. The advantages of this method shows eco- friendly synthesis of nanoparticles, using plant extracts makes the process less toxic. The study would likely detail the characterization of the synthesized CoONPs using techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to determine their size, morphology, and other properties. The bioremediation approach using cobalt oxide nanoparticles helps in degrading the pollutants present in the soil.
CARDIO-PROTECTIVES EFFECT OF AQUEOUS ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CARICA PAPAYA LEAVES ON ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY IN FEMALE WISTAR RATS
(2024) : OLANIYI MICHAEL OLAYINKA
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has been rising globally, causing high death rate only after cancer. Myocardial Infarction is a CDVs disease condition of the heart tissue resulting from the obstruction of blood supply to the heart muscles. Medicinal plants present alternative therapeutic, cheaper and less side effects over synthetic drugs in the treatment and prevention of MI. The present study analyzed the phytochemical constituents of hydroethanolic extract of Carica Papaya leaves extract (CPE) and assessed the efficacy of CPE in protecting the heart from Isoproterenol (ISP) induced MI in female rats. Through GC-MS analysis of the CPE and integrated library search, nineteen bioactive compounds; alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids and also, amino acids were identified. The effects of treatment with 0.5 ml of various concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of CPE on body weight changes, serum marker enzymes such as serum protein, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) were studied during the 15 days experimental period. ISP-induced rats showed no significant (P>0.05) effect on the body weight but increased significantly (P<0.05) AST and ALT. Pretreatment with doses of CPE significantly (P<0.05) extenuated the elevated levels of AST as well as ALT while restoring towards normal the activities of CAT and SOD. This work contributes to the conclusion that, when administered to animals with MI, CPE exhibit cardio-protective activity effects. Keywords: Myocardial infarction, Carica papaya, Isoproterenol, Phytochemicals, Cardiac biomarkers.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF TIN OXIDE NANOPARTICLES MEDIATED BY Khaya senegalensis AND Psidium guajava LEAVES AQUEOUS EXTRACT FOR SOIL BIOREMEDIATION
(2024) ANIMASAUN, HAMIDAT OMOTOYOSI
: Soil contamination is a significant environmental issue, posing risks to ecosystems and human health. This study focuses on the bioremediation of soil contaminated with lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) using biosynthesized tin oxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles from KS2401and PG2402 leaves aqueous extract. The research addresses the urgent need for effective and sustainable remediation methods. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of SnO₂ nanoparticles, with characteristic absorption peaks. FTIR analysis revealed the functional groups responsible for reducing tin ions (Sn4+) to tin oxide (SnO2), highlighting the involvement of biomolecules in the synthesis process. XRF provided quantitative data on the elemental composition of the biosynthesized nanoparticles. XRD analysis showed tetragonal structure with an average crystallite size of 28 nm for KS2401-derived SnO₂ nanoparticles while the average crystallite size of PG2402-derived SnO₂ nanoparticles is 23 nm. The potential for heavy metal remediation was next evaluated by applying the biosynthesized SnO2NPs to soil samples with high amount of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). The outcomes showed significantly decrease in metal concentrations, especially in the samples with higher contamination levels, demonstrating the usefulness of the nanoparticles in environmental remediation. Using green-synthesized SnO2NPs, this research work offers a sustainable and environmentally beneficial method of treating soil pollution.
THE POTENTIAL OF HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Carica papaya LEAVES ON ISOPRENALINE INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN FEMALE WISTAR RATS
(2024) LAWAL, ABDULLAHI KOLAPO
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CDVs) has been rising globally, causing high death rate only after cancer. Cardiomyopathy is a CDVs disease condition of the heart tissue resulting from the pathological disorder marked by the dysfunction of the myocardium. Medicinal plants present alternative therapeutic, cheaper and less side effects over synthetic drugs in the treatment and prevention of cardiomyopathy. The present study analyzed the phytochemical constituents of hydroethanolic extract of Carica Papaya leaves extract (CPE) and assessed the efficacy of CPE in protecting the heart from Isoproterenol (ISP) induced cardiomyopathy in female rats. Through GC-MS analysis of the CPE and integrated library search, nineteen bioactive compounds; alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids and also, amino acids were identified. The effects of treatment with 0.5 ml of various concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of CPE on body weight changes, serum marker enzymes such as creatinine kinase (CK) and troponin I were studied. ISP-induced rats showed no significant (P>0.05) effect on the body weight but increased significantly (P>0.05) Troponin I and creatinine kinase levels. Pretreatment with doses of CPE significantly (P>0.05) extenuated the elevated levels of troponin I and CK. This work contributes to the conclusion that, when administered to animals with cardiomyopathy, CPE exhibit cardio-protective activity effects.
CULTIVAR COMPARISON: PROXIMATE, PHYTOCHEMICAL, GCMS AND FTIR ANALYSES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS FROM WHITE AND YELLOW DioscoreadumetorumTUBERS
(2024) GBADAMOSI ROFIAT ADEOLA
Yams of the genus Dioscorea, particularly Dioscoreadumetorum (bitter yam), are staple foods in several West African countries, including Nigeria and Ghana. It is known for trifoliate leaves and significant nutritional value, bitter yam plays a crucial role in food security due to its high starch content (approximately 75%) and balanced amino acid profile. This study investigates the proximate composition, phytochemical profile, and chemical constituents of white and yellow Dioscoreadumetorum tubers using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Ash, lipid and carbohydrate were more abundant in the yellow specie while moisture, fibre, and protein were more significant in the white specie. Saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and phenols were all detected in both cultivars. The yellow specie contained more alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid and steroid than the white specie. Saponins were however more abundant in the white cultivar. GCMS-derived 9-Octadecenoic acid,Hexadecanoic acid, and Dodecanoic acid were identified in both cultivars.Alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers were among the functional groups common to both tubers. The findings support the nutritional and therapeutic use of these tubers, highlighting their potential to address dietary needs and improve food security in the region.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES, PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, GCMS AND FTIR ANALYSES OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF Euphorbia heterophylla
(2024) ALAWODE, TITILAYO LATIFAT
This study investigated the antioxidant potential and phytochemical composition of aqueous leaf extract from Euphorbia heterophylla. In vitro Antioxidant activity was evaluated using standard methods. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was employed to identify the bioactive compounds present in the extract. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, aliphatic amines, alkyl groups and aromatic compounds in extract. The results of the GC/MS analysis of the aqueous leaf extract provided different peaks determining the presence of 39 bioactive compounds. The results revealed significant antioxidant properties of the extract, which can be attributed to the presence of various compounds identified through GC-MS and FTIR analysis. These findings suggest that Euphorbia heterophyllapossesses promising antioxidant activity and could be a potential source of natural antioxidants.